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刚 / 刚才

“刚”和“刚才”不但意思相近，而且形式也差不多。不过，它们的词性不同

“刚”是副词，“刚才”是名词。

“刚”and“刚才” have similar meanings as well as similar forms. However, “刚”is an adverb, while“刚才”is a noun.

1、“刚”和“刚才”在句子中的位置：

Position in the sentence of “刚”and “刚才”:

★“刚”应该放在主语后边、谓语前边;“刚才”可以放在主语前边，也可以在主语后边。如：

As an adverb “刚”should be located after the subject and in front of the predicate.“刚才”as a noun, might be located either in front of or after the subject. For example:

·我女儿发烧，刚去医院看了一下。

wǒ nǚ ér fā shāo, gāng qù yī yuàn kàn le yī xià.

·小王回到办公室，刚坐下两分钟，电话就响了。

xiǎo wáng huí dào bàn gōng shì, gāng zuò xià liǎng fèn zhōng, diàn huà jiù xiǎng le.

·你刚才跟谁在一起?

nǐ gāng cái gēn shuí zài yī qǐ?

·刚才他还高高兴兴的，现在怎么生气了?

gāng cái tā hái gāo gāo xìng xìng de, xiàn zài zěn me shēng qì le?

★“刚”只能做状语。“刚才”可以做定语、状语，还可以做主语。如：

“刚”can only function as the adverbial in a sentence。But “刚才”can be the attribute, adverbial or subject in a sentence, For example:

·你把刚才的话再说一说(作定语)

nǐ bǎ gāng cái de huà zài shuō yī shuō. (as attribute)

·我刚才在我的餐厅里看见了我的老朋友。(作状语，此处“刚才”可替换为“刚”)

wǒ gāng cái zài wǒ de cān tīng lǐ kàn jiàn le wǒ de lǎo pénɡ you.(as adverbial,“刚”can also be used in this sentence.)

·刚才下雨了。(做主语)

gāng cái xià yǔ le. (as subject)

2、“刚”和“刚才”与时间的关系

The relationship between time and “刚”，“刚才”

★“刚”不一定表示很短的时间。如：

It is not necessarily to be a very short time when we use “刚”. For example:

·我刚到这儿一年。

wǒ gāng dào zhè ér yī nián.

★“刚”做的事，也有可能是几个月或几年以前做的事只要说话的人自己主观上觉得时间不长，就可以用“刚”。

Even though it has been several months or years since the action or event, as long as the speaker have a subjective feel that it is a short time, he can use the word “刚”

★“刚才”表示的时间一定是说话前不久。一般应该是到现在半小时以内。如：“刚才”refers to an action or even that happened not long ago. The maximum time limit for“刚才”normally should be less than half an hour. For example:

·你刚才去哪儿了?

nǐ gāng cái qù nǎ ér le?

·刚才我做了一个梦。

gāng cái wǒ zuò le yī gè mèng.

★ “刚才”和“刚”的句子里，都可以带一个时间补语，但是意思不一样。如：

There both might be a time complement in the sentence with the word “刚才”and “刚”, but the meanings are different. For example:

·他刚才睡了半个小时。(现在不睡了)

tā gāng cái shuì le bàn gè xiǎo shí. (He slept for half an hour a moment ago, but now he is awake.)

·他刚睡了半个小时，别叫醒他。(现在还在睡)

tā gāng shuì le bàn gè xiǎo shí, bié jiào xǐng tā.

(He has slept for half an hour ,and he is still sleeping now.)

3、“刚”和“刚才”的语法意义

Syntactical functions of “刚”and “刚才”：

用“刚”的句子表示一件事做了没多久，强调的是时间;用“刚才”的句子表示不久前做了什么，强调的是做了什么事。句子的重音也有不同，用“刚”的句子“刚”要重读，用“刚才”的句子谓语重读。如：

The sentence with “刚” expresses an action taken a short time ago, and the emphasis in the sentence is the time ,while the sentence with “刚才”describe what has happened within a short time, and the stress is put upon the action, The syllables being stressed are different. For example:

·我刚回来。

wǒ gāng huí lái.

·我刚考完试。

wǒ gāng kǎo wán shì.

·你刚才去哪儿了?

nǐ gāng cái qù nǎ ér le?

·我刚才不小心打碎了一个杯子。

wǒ gāng cái bù xiǎo xīn dǎ suì le yī gè bēi zǐ.

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