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Chinese Words9-[XMandarin Chinese Course]

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幸福 / 高兴 / 快乐

1、“幸福”一般用在家庭生活或者男女关系方面，是一个可以持续很长时间的感觉，可是“高兴”是一时的情绪，原因可能只是很小的一件事，比如得到了一件喜欢的礼物。例如：

“幸福”is used to describe the happy family life and good relationship between lovers, which is a feeling that can last for a long time, but“高兴”may refer to a temporary emotion caused by a slight event like getting a favorite present. For example:

·只要能看看他的笑脸，她就会觉得很幸福，很满足。

zhǐ yào néng kàn kàn tā de xiào liǎn, tā jiù huì jué de hěn xìng fú, hěn mǎn zú.

·她使我知道爱与被爱的幸福。

tā shǐ wǒ zhī dao ài yǔ bèi ài de xìng fú.

·得到老师的夸奖，我心里很高兴。

dé dào lǎo shī de kuā jiǎng, wǒ xīn li hěn gāo xìng.

·坐上去北京的火车，一家三口都非常高兴。

zuò shàng qù běi jīng de huǒ chē, yī jiā sān kǒu dōu fēi cháng gāo xìng.

2、“快乐”是一种心里状态，意思是觉得很满足很幸福，而且常常是一种长时间的感觉。

“快乐”shows the feeling of satisfaction and happiness，which is a psychology status, and is often a long-term feeling.

和“幸福”“高兴”这两个词比较，“快乐”更多地是因为自己的原因，表现出一个人本来的性格。可是“幸福”和“高兴”更多地是因为客观的原因。例如：

Compared with the two words “高兴”and “幸福”, “快乐”is a feeling mostly depends on subjective reasons like the character of a person. But“高兴”and“幸福”are feelings mainly caused by objective reasons. For example:

·从此以后，王子和公主快乐地生活在一起。

cóng cǐ yǐ hòu, wáng zǐ hé gōng zhǔ kuài lè dì shēng huó zài yī qǐ.

·满街都是快乐的孩子。

mǎn jiē dōu shì kuài lè de hái zi.

·小王是个快乐的年轻人。

xiǎo wáng shì gè kuài lè de nián qīng rén.

★ “快乐”常用在祝福语中。

“快乐”is often used to express wishes. For example:

·祝你永远快乐，永远幸福!

zhù nǐ yǒng yuǎn kuài lè, yǒng yuǎn xìng fú!

·祝你生日快乐!

zhù nǐ shēnɡ ri kuài lè.

·新年快乐!

xīn nián kuài lè!

充分 / 充足

充分means “sufficient”, “ample” and “abundant” and it is usually used for abstract things such as 理由(lǐ yóu)(eason), 准备(zhǔn bèi)(preparation), 估计(gū jì) (estimation), 信心(xìn xīn)(confidence) or发展(fā zhǎn)(development), etc, Different from both 充足, 充分can also serve as an adverb, meaning to try one’s best to do certain things.

“充分”表示足够、富足、大量，一般用于抽象事物如“理由”、“准备”、“估计”、“信心”或“发展”等。另外，“充分”还可以副词，表示“尽量”的意思。“充足”没有这个意思。

充足, on the other hand, indicates adequacy and sufficiency mostly in concrete terms, or things enough to meet a practical need. It is often used for concrete and specific things such as 光线(light), 水分(water), 粮食(food), or 养料(nutrition), etc. Note, however, that both 充足and 充分 can be used with 理, e.g. 充足的理由and 充分的理由。Although both of them can perhaps be translated as “sufficient reason”, there is really a subtle difference between the two expressions in their connotations: the former simply indicates that there are enough reasons to meet the needs, whereas the latter emphasizes the completeness or sufficiency of the reason in its persuasion, For example, there might be five possible reasons for one to argue for some funding, one can say 充足的理由, if on the other hand, one has found one crucial reason which is sufficient for one’s argument ,then one may say 充分的理由.

“充足“则多半是从具体事物的角度来表示足够，表示在数量上已能满足实际需要，常用于个别具体的事物，如“光线”、“水分”、“粮食”、“养料”等。注意“充足”和“充分”都可用于修饰“理由”(如：充足的理由，充分的理由)。虽然两者也许都可英译为“sufficient reason”，但在含义上有些许微妙的不同。前者只是说明有足够多的理由来满足需要，而后者侧重于表示理由本身的完备性和富足性。比如说：可能有五个理由可用于申请一项研究基金，要是列举了是哪个已足够可申请经费，则可以说有“充足的理由”，另一方面，要是只列举了一个理由，但却是个关键的理由，足以用于论辩，则可说“充分的理由”。

·这儿阳光充足。

zhè ér yáng guāng chōng zú.

(There is plenty of sunlight here.)

·这所学院有充足的教育经费。

zhè suǒ xué yuàn yǒu chōng zú de jiào yù jīng fèi.

(This college has sufficient funds for education.)

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