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Chinese Words4-[XMandarin Chinese Course]
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时候/时间
Both nouns indicate time and both can be translated as “time” in English, Although they are sometimes interchangeable ,they have different usage and connotations. In general, 时候 is more often used in
colloquial speech ,whereas 时间can be used in either colloquial speech or in writing.
这两个名词都表示时间，也都可英译为“time”。虽然他们常可通用，但它们的含义和用法并不一样。一般来说，“时候”常用于口语，而“时间”则口语和书面语都可以用。
While both can be used to indicate either a point in time or a period of time, there are two major differences between the two :first, 时候tends to refer to a time whose starting and ending points are vague or blurry, while 时间will indicate a more definite time period, marking more exactly its starting and ending points .So 开会的时间是明天上午九点到十点 (kāi huì de shí jiān shì míng tiān shàng wǔ jiǔ diǎn dào shí diǎn)(Tomorrow 9to 10am is the time for meeting)refers to a definitive time allocated for the meeting, while 开会的时候他吸烟(kāi huì de shí hou tā xī yān)(He smoked during the meeting)would indicate an indistinct or indefinitive time during the meeting, when he smoked .Secondly ,in terms of word collocation ,时间tends to be modified by some exact time words such as 半天的时间(bàn tiān de shí jiān)(half a day’s time)三个小时的时间(sān gè xiǎo shí de shí jiān) (three hours’ time),or 很长的时间(hěn zhǎng de shí jiān)(a long time),etc.or else,by other nouns to form some formal time schedules such as 工作时间(gōng zuò shí jiān)(work hours),营业时间(yíng yè shí jiān)(business hours),办公时间(bàn gōng shí jiān)(office hours),etc..时候，on the other hand ,is often modified by 这(zhè)(this),那(nà)(that),or some descriptive elements such as 打球的时候(dǎ qiú de shí hou)(while playing ball), 留学中国的时(liú xué zhōng guó de shí hou)(while study abroad in China),我们上课的时候(wǒ men shàng kè de shí hou)(while we are in class),etc。
虽然这两个词都既可用于表示一段时间，又可用于表示时间上的一点，但它们有两个最主要的不同之处：其一，“时候表示的时间，其起始点比较模糊，不明确，而 “时间”所表示的时间则较为确定，一般有较明确的起始点。因此，“开会的时间是明天上午九点到十点”指的是开会用的一段确切的时间，而“开会的时候他吸烟”表示则是开会过程中他吸烟的一个不太确定的时间。其二，就词语搭配而言，“时间”的修饰词一般多为确切的时间，如“半天的时间”“三个小时的时间”或“很长的时间”，或者是其他名词以构成一些正式的时间安排，如“工作时间”，“营业时间”或“办公时间”等等，而“时候”的修饰词则常常是“这”，“那”或者是一些描写性的成分，如“打球的时候”，“留学中国的时候”或“我们上课的时候”等。
听说/据说
Both these two verbs can be used in the English sense of “I hear” or “it is said that”. Although they are similar in meaning .they are really different in usage .听说can be used as a predicate occurring in such sentences as 我听说他要来了，你听说了吗? (wǒ tīng shuō tā yào lái le ，nǐ tīng shuō le ma ?)(I hear that he is coming ,have you heard of it?).Besides ,one can insert something (usually a pronoun)in between 听 and 说in听说，e.g.我听她说你要来(wǒ tīng tā shuō nǐ yào lái)(I hear from her that you are coming).据说cannot be used in either situation and it is only to be used as an insertion. 听说， however，can also be used as an insertion, which can occur either in the beginning or in the middle of a sentence :e.g.听说她已经走了(tīng shuō tā yǐ jing zǒu le)(I hear she is already gone )or 车展听说已经结束了(chē zhǎn tīng shuō yǐ jing jié shù le)(I hear the auto expo has already ended).Only in the last two cases where 听说 is used as an insertion can 据说replace听说。Note also that the negation of 听说is 没(有)，not*不听说
这两个动词都可用于英语里“I hear”或“It is said that”的意思。虽然其意义相同，但其用法不一。“听说”可用作谓语，比如“我听说他要来了，你听说了吗?”“听说”中的“听”和“说”还可拆开使用：“我听她说你要来。”在这两种情况下，“据说”都不能用，它只能用于插入语。另一方面，“听说”也能用于插入语，可放在句首，也可放在句中，比如“听说她已经走了”或“车展听说已经结束了。”在最后这两种情况下，“听说”是插入语，只有这时候“据说”和“听说”才能互换。
另外要注意，“听说”的否定是“(没)有听说”，而不能用“*不听说”。·据说《末代皇帝》这个电影获得了九项奥斯卡奖。
jù shuō 《mò dài huáng dì 》zhè ge diàn yǐng huò dé le jiǔ xiàng ào sī kǎ jiǎng(It is said the movie The Last Emperor has won nine Oscar awards.)
·Cf.比较：《末代皇帝》这个电影据说获得了九项奥斯卡奖。
《mò dài huáng dì 》zhè ge diàn yǐng jù shuō huò dé le jiǔ xiàng ào sī kǎ jiǎng 。
·没听说明天要下雨.
méi tīng shuō míng tiān yào xià yǔ . (I have not heard that it is going to rain tomorrow.)
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