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Chinese Phonetics6-[XMandarin Chinese Course]

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发音要领 Description of articulation

单韵母 Single finals

ɑ

开口度最大，舌位最低，唇不圆。

The mouth is wide open ;the tongue is at its lowest; the lips are unrounded .

o

开口度中等，舌位半高、偏后，圆唇。

The opening of the mouth is medium; the tongue position is midhigh, and slightly to the back;the lips are rounded.

e

开口度中等，舌位半高、偏后，唇不圆。

The opening of the mouth is medium ; the tongue position mid-high and slightly to the back;and the lips unrounded.

i

开口度最小，唇扁平，舌位高、偏前。

The opening of the mouth is narrow ,the lips are spread ,and the tongue position high and slightly to the front.

u

开口度最小，唇最圆，舌位高、偏后。

The opening of the mouth is narrow .the lips are fully rounded ,and the tongue position high and slightly to the back.

ü

舌位与i相同，但要圆唇，口形与发U相近。

The tongue position is identical to that of i, and the lips are rounded to a degree similar to U.

复韵母 Compound finals

ɑi[ai] ei[ei] ɑo[ɑu] ou[ou]

复合韵母ɑi 中的ɑ受后面的i的影响，读作[a],舌位比[A]偏前，其它与[A]相同。

Influenced by the i behind it ,the ɑ in the compound final ɑi is pronounced as [a],The other traits of this sound are the same as [A].

ei中的e读作[e]

The e in ei is pronounced as [e].

ɑo中的ɑ受后面的o的影响，读作[a].

Influenced by the o behind it ,the ɑ in ao is pronounced as [a]

ɑn[an] en[ən] ɑng[ɑŋ] eng[əŋ] ong[uŋ]

ɑn中的ɑ读作[a]，ɑng中的ɑ读作[ɑ]。

ɑ in ɑn is pronounced as [a]，and ɑ in ɑng is pronounced as [ɑ].

en、 eng 中的e读作[ə]。

e in en and eng is pronounced as [ə].

ong中的o读作[u]

o in ong is pronounced as [u]

er和儿化韵 er and the retroflex final

1. 卷舌韵母Retroflex finals

发er时，先把舌位放至发e 的位置，然后将舌尖轻轻上翘的同时发音。

First put the tongue in the position for e,then when pronouncing er, slight curl up the tongue –tip. Try to pronounce the following:

2. ér与其它的韵母结合成一个儿化韵母。儿化韵的写法是在原韵母之后加r，汉字写法是在原汉字之后写个“儿”字(有时也可省略不写)。

er forms a retroflex-syllable in combination with other finals .In transcription it is shown by adding a r to the original final .In written language it is represented by a “儿”following the original character (sometimes it can be omitted).

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