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Chinese Phonetics1-[XMandarin Chinese Course]

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汉语音节的组成 Formation of Chinese syllables

汉语的音节大多数由声母、韵母和声调组成。例如：bà 、mā 、hǎo都是音节。音节开头的辅音叫声母。例如;b、m、h。其余的部分是韵母。例如：à、ā、ǎo。现代汉语普通话有400多个音节。

Most Chinese syllables are formed by a combination of the initials, finals and tones .For example, bà 、mā 、hǎo. The consonant at the head of a syllable (b、m、h in the above examples)is called the initial. The rest of the syllable is the final (à、ā、ǎo).The contemporary Chinese Putonghua has over 400 syllables.

声调Tones

汉语普通话有四个基本声调，分别用声调符号：–(第一声)、ˊ(第二声)、ˇ(第三声)、ˋ(第四声)。声调不同，表达的意义不同。

The Chinese Putonghua has four basic tones. They are shown by the tone-marks: –(the 1st tone), ˊ(the 2nd tone),ˇ(the 3rd tone),ˋ(the 4th tone).Different tones may express different meanings.

声调符号要标在主要元音上。元音i上有调号时，要去掉i的点。如：一个音节的韵母有两个或两个以上的元音时，声调符号要标在开口度最大的元音上，如：hǎo、mèi、lóu.

Tone-marks should be placed on the main vowels. When the vowel i carries a tone-indicator, the dot on i is removed , e.g, nǐ、bǐ. If there are two or more than two vowels in syllable ,the tone-mark is placed on the one which requies a bigger (or the biggest) opening of the mouth ,e.g. hǎo、mèi、lóu.

轻声 The neutral tone

汉语中有些音节不带声调(不管它们所代表的汉字是第几声)，念得很轻，很短。这样的音节，叫轻声。轻声音高受前面一个音节声调的影响而有变化。

Some syllables in Chinese are toneless (disregarding the tones of the characters they represent ) and are pronounced light and short. These syllables are called neutralized tones or neutral tones. The pitch of a neutral tone is affected by the tone of the preceding syllable.

注意：在拼写中，轻声音节无调号。

Note：In transcription neutral tones do not carry any tone-indicatoes.

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