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Mandarin and Dialects

Mandarin has Beijing pronunciation as its standard pronunciation, northern 
dialect as its basic dialect, and the typical modern vernacular Chinese as its 
grammatical standard. Mandarin offers convenience for communication 
between people at different areas or of different ethnic groups in China.
       China has a vast territory and a large population. Even though people 
all use the Chinese language, they speak in different ways in different areas, 
which are called dialects. Generally called local languages, dialects are 
branches of the Chinese language in different regions, and are only used in 
certain areas. At present, the Chinese language has seven dialects: northern 
dialect, Wu dialect, Xiang dialect, Gan dialect, Hakka, Min dialect and Yue or 
Guangdong dialect. Among them, northern dialect is one used most widely. 
Hakka, Fujian dialect and Guangdong dialect are also used by overseas 
Chinese.
       Dialects of the Chinese language are very complicate. Various dialects 
differ from each other on three aspects: pronunciation , vocabulary and 
grammar. And the difference in pronunciation is the most outstanding. There 
is a saying in coastal areas of southeastern China---"Pronunciations differ 
within 10-li(Chinese unit of measurement, 1 li=0.5 km) area". If all people in 
different areas speak in local dialects, it will lead to the trouble in communications.
       More than 2,000 years ago, Chinese people had realized that a common 
language should be used in social intercourse. Compared with dialects " 
differing within 10-li area", Mandarin can be understood by all people. Since it is 
beneficial to cultural exchange and information transmission between ethnic 
groups and people in different places, the Chinese government attaches great 
importance to popularizing Mandarin and encourages people to learn Mandarin. 
 

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